Vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-$heet '1.

H. T. YARYAN.

VACUUM EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS.

No. 355,289. Patented Dec. 28, 1886,.

Witnesses: 4 25 W Royce;

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-S'heet 2.

H. TQYARYAN'.

VACUUM EVAPOHATING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS.-

No'. 355,289. Patented Dec. 28, 1885.

. 3'Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

H. T. YARYAN. VACUUM EVAPORATING AND DISTILLING APPARATUS.

Patented Dec. 28, 1886.

fig. 11

Iii/e11 for;

N. PETERS. PhnIa-Lnlhogmpher. Washington. ac

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE.

HOMER T. YARYAN, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

' VACUUM EVAPORATING AND' DISTI LLING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 355,289, dated December 28, 1886.

Application filed February 15, 1886. Serial No; 191,983.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HOMER. T. YARYAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at T0- ledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Vacuum Evaporating and Distilling Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improved methods of constructing an apparatus for the distillation of liquids, in which the evaporation is performed while theliquid is in transitthrough coils of pipe; and the objects of my invention are to provide, first, a compact and easily-constructed apparatus which willoperate upon large quantities of liquid; second, to provide an apparatus which is adapted to be arranged as a system of double and triple effects.

In an apparatus patented by me June 10, 1884, numbered 300,185,the advantages of continuous and rapid evaporation in cacao are fully and correctly stated. In operating the apparatus therein described,where large quantities of liquid are to be operated upon, it becomes necessary to multiply the number of coils in order to obtain the requisite amount of heating-surface. To a certain limit this is practicable, beyond which,and especiaily when used for multiple effects, there are serious objections, among which are cost, space occupied, and the large number of joints exposed to the atmosphere to be kept tight. In the apparatus and by the methods constituting the subject of my invention these difficulties are largely overcome; and to thisend I employ a cylinder containing a large number of tubes, each tube being the equivalent of a coil, and so arranged as to receive an equal feed and to discharge into a common separating-chamber.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown the apparatus arranged as triple effect, because the operation and construction of this form would include the principles involvedin single and double effects.

Figure 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2', a plan;

Fig. 3, a front elevation; Fig. 4, a longitudinal section of separating-chamber, showing dash-plates A, float-chamber E, withfloat a and butterfly-valve Z), and diaphragm-plate B to receive tubes T. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section of separating-chamber, showing construction of dash-plates A. Fig. 6 is asec- (No model.)

tional plan of separating-chamber A, showing arrangement of dash-plates A. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of distributing-chamber L and a portion of cylinder H, showing the manner in which tubes T are partially closed with plugs K, pin-plate H, holding taper pins 1, shaft L, and lever M for adjusting feed, water-seal S, with stuffing-boxes d, and inletpipe 0, for liquid to be evaporated. Fig. 8 is a plan of pin-plate H, showing spider R to stiffen same. Fig. 9 isa plan of water-seal S- Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of tubes T, showing plug K, with opening 0, and pin 1 withdrawn. Fig. 11 is the same with pin I inserted.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

The connecting pipes and valves will be alluded to, and their functions pointed out, in the description setting forth the operation of the apparatus.

The operation is as follows: The pump Q, Fig. 2, having its suction connected with supply-tank, is started, and at the same time the vacuum-pump 0, Fig. 2, which produces a partial vacuum throughout the apparatus. As soon as liquid shows in glass gage f of small chamber Gr, Fig. 3, the pump 1?, Fig. 1, is started and steam is admitted to the first cylinder, H, through steam-pipe K, and the pressure regulated by the reducing-valve L. The liquid entering the distributing-chamber L, Fig. 7, would have a tendency to feed entirely through openings of lower tubes, to prevent which the lever M is moved until the taper pins 1 enter openings 6 in plugs K and partially close the same, which-is indicated by a little back-pressure on the liquid entering through pipe 0. By this means the liquidis equally distributed to all the tubes, and in passing through the same is partially evaporated. The vapor and reduced liquid are discharged into separating-chamber A, where, under the influence of enlargedarea and mechanical effects of dash-plates A, Fig. 4, the

liquid and vapor become separated, the vapor passing through side openings, 9, Fig. 6,of dash-plates to vapor-pipe H, Fig. 4., through which it is conducted to inside ofcylinder H, which belongs to second effect. The partiallyreduced liquid passes through bottom open ings, h, of dash-plates and finds its way by gravity within the float-chamber E, and from this through pipe U to the distributing-chamber of second effect, where the operation of first effect is repeated, and so on to the third effect. In the last effect the vapor passes to condenser WV, Figs. 1 and 3, of vacuum-pump O, and the reduced liquid is discharged by the pump P. As soon as the apparatus is started the vacuums in the several parts will seek an equilibrium, and will be constant so long as the steam-pressure on first effect and vacuum on last efl'ect do not vary. In ordinary practice with fifteen pounds of steam-pressure within cylinder of first effect and twenty-eight inches of vacuum on third effect the vacuum on first efi'ect will equal about five inches of mercury and on the second efiect about fifteen inches.

I do not claim as new utilizing the latent heat of vapor given off under alow vacuum to boil a second body of liquid under a higher vacuum, as this is a well-known and common physical law as applied to multiple efiects.

Referring now to the details of my apparatus, the several improvements will be taken ready been described, and their arrangement is plainly shown in Figs. 4 to 11, inclusive.

After the partially-reduced liquid is caused to rise in chamber L to the level of the upper tubes and passes out of separating-chambers and expansion of the two metals.

A, B, and G and into float-chambers E, F, and G, it is necessary to arrange an automatic device by which the liquid may be fed continuously to the distributingchamber of next ef-' fect without the passage of any vapor. This is important, since the passage of any vapor would disturb the homogeneity of the body of liquid in distributing-chambers, thus allowing vapor to pass through some of the openings 0, and effecting the uniformity of feed. To prevent the passage of vapor, I employ a butterfly-valve, b, operated. by the fioat a, as plainly shown in Fig. 4. The superior vacuum in the tubes to which the liquid is being fed draws all the liquid that the butterfly-valve b, actuated by the float a, will permit to pass. It is quite evident that the effect of liquid entering chamber E would be to raise the level, and

by operating the float a would open the butterfly-valve b and permit liquid to pass equal to the amount run in. v

As usually constructed the shells of cylinders H, H, and H" are made of iron and the tubes T of copper; hence some provision must be made for the difference in contraction This is accomplished by making the plate B, Fig. 4, of such diameter that the circumferential portion outside of the area occupied by tubes shall act as a vibrating diaphragm, and thus accommodate the expansion and contraction of t-he'tubes without strain.

The condensation within the cylinders H H H is removed through pipes V, and is finally discharged through the vacuum-pump 0. It is quite evident that other means of removing it may be adoptedas by a pump attached to the drip of each cylinder-but the manner described is probably the simplest.

From the above description the course of the liquid and vapor through the apparatus can be understood, and is as follows: Liquid to be evaporated is first raised by pump Q from a tank (not shown) and forced through pipe 0 into distributing-chamber L of the first steam-heated cylinder, H, from which it flows in regulated quantities through vapor izingtubes T into the first separating-chamber, A, where, by means of the dash-plates, the vapor or steam is separated from the partially-reduced liquid, and the latter passes into the float-chamber E. from which it flows by pipe U, Figs. 1 and 2, to the second distributing-chamber, like that shown in Fig. 7 at the rear end of cylinder H; thence through the vaporizing-tubes of such cylinder into separating-chamber B, into float-chamber F, Fig. 3, and then by a second pipe, U, into the dis tributing-chamber of cylinder 11, and, finally, through the vaporizing-tubes of such cylinder into separating-chamber G and float-chamber G, from which it is drawn off in a concentrated condition by pump 1. At the commencement of the operation steam is admitted by pipe K into the firstheating-cylinder, H, for evaporating the first liquid passing through its tube T, and the vapor or steam separated from the partially-reduced liquid in chamber A passes by pipe H into the second cylinder, H. The vapor or steam separated in chamber B passes by'pipe I into the third cylinder, 11, and the I embodied in the apparatus herein shown and described.

Having sufficiently described the working of my apparatus, I desire to claim as new and secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the combination of a shell to contain steam or other heating mediumsurroundjng vaporizing-tubes passing through the shell and terminating at one end within a common separating-chamber,.and an adjustable device for supplying a uniforni quantity of liquid to be evaporated to each of the tubes at the end of said tubes opposite the separating-chamber, substantially as described.

2 In avacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the combination of ashell or its contain steam or other heating medium, par-.

allel tubes passing through said shell and terminating at one end in a common separatingchamber, a distributingchamber covering the opposite ends of said tubes, and any means'of varying the size of openings to tubes within the distributirig-chamber, substantially as described.

4. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus having a shell to contain steam or other heating medium surrounding vaporizing-tubes terminating in a common separating-chamber and receiving their supply of liquid to be evaporated from a common distributing-chamber, the plugs K, with openings, taper pins 1, pin-plate H, operated by rod L through stuffi'ng-box d, for the purpose set forth.

5. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus arranged as multiple effect, the combination, with separating-chamber A and connected float-chamber E, of means for delivering the liquid flowing into said floatchamber continuously to thedistributing' chamber of the next evaporator, and preventing the flow of vapor when'operated by the varying height of liquid in said chamber, for the purpose described.

6. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, two or more evaporators and a connected separating-chamber, in combina tion with the float-chamber E, a dischargepipe having a seal or trap [and leading therefrom to the second evaporator, and a valve and float operated by the varying height of liquid in said float-chamber, whereby the flow of vapor is prevented and the flow of liquid is regulated, as and for thepurpose described.

. 7. In a vacuum evaporating. and (:listilling apparatus, the steam-heating shell containing vaporizing-tubes, in combination with a separating chamber provided with dash plates having openings alternately upon opposite sides for the passage of vapor and openings at the bottom for the passage of liquid, sub stantially as described.

8. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, dash-plates A, in combination with a separating-chamber and a shell to contain steam or other heating medium surrounding vaporizing-tubes terminating in' the common separating-chamber, and means whereby each of said tubes receives a regulated supply of fluid to be'evaporated, substantially as shown and described.

9. In a vacuum evaporating and distilling apparatus, the combination of two or more evaporators and connected separating-chambers provided with dash-plates, substantially as described, with the vapor-pipe H, leading from separating-chamber of one evaporator to the space in shell surrounding the tubes in the next evaporator, so as to produce multiple effects, as set forth.

HOMER T. YARYAN.

\Vitnesses:

F.'B. DODGE, F. J. Scor'r. 

